Though a child of nobility, he would often associate with non-nobles. Amir later took the name of his grandfather, Teungku Hamzah, as a second name thus, he was referred to as Amir Hamzah. However, his elder brother Abdullah Hod states that the poet was born on 11 February 1911. The date officially recognised by the Indonesian government is 28 February 1911, a date Amir used throughout his life. Through his father, he was related to the Sultan of Langkat, Machmud. Early life Īmir was born as Tengkoe Amir Hamzah Pangeran Indra Poetera in Tanjung Pura, Langkat, North Sumatra, the youngest son of Vice Sultan Tengku Muhammad Adil and his third wife Tengku Mahjiwa. Amir has been called the "King of the Poedjangga Baroe-era Poets" and the only international-class Indonesian poet from before the Indonesian National Revolution. Of his two collections, Nyanyi Sunyi is considered the most developed. His earlier works deal with a sense of longing and both erotic and idealised love, whereas his later works have a deeper religious meaning. His diction, using both Malay and Javanese words and expanding on traditional structures, was influenced by the need for rhythm and metre, as well as symbolism related to particular terms. Poems by Amir deal with the themes of love and religion and his poetry often reflects a deep inner conflict. Most of his poems were published in two collections, Nyanyi Sunyi (1937) and Buah Rindu (1941), first in Poedjangga Baroe then as stand-alone books. After his return to Sumatra, he stopped writing. In 1932 he co-founded the literary magazine Poedjangga Baroe. Drawing influences from his own Malay culture and Islam, as well as from Christianity and Eastern literature, Amir wrote 50 poems, 18 pieces of lyrical prose, and numerous other works, including several translations. The following year he was killed in a social revolution led by the PESINDO ( Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia), and buried in a mass grave.Īmir began writing poetry while still a teenager: though his works are undated, the earliest are thought to have been written when he first travelled to Java. After Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945, he served as the government's representative in Langkat. Though unhappy with his marriage, he fulfilled his courtly duties. Even after Amir continued his studies in legal school in Batavia (now Jakarta) the two remained close, only separating in 1937 when Amir was recalled to Sumatra to marry the sultan's daughter and take on responsibilities of the court. While attending senior high school in Surakarta around 1930, Amir became involved with the nationalist movement and fell in love with a Javanese schoolmate, Ilik Sundari. Born into a Malay aristocratic family in the Sultanate of Langkat in North Sumatra, he was educated in both Sumatra and Java. Tengku Amir Hamzah (February 1911 – 20 March 1946) was an Indonesian poet and National Hero of Indonesia.
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